However, the maximum concentrations were lower than the World Health Organization’s compound-specific guidelines. The proportion of Danish households potentially exposed at least once to pesticides above the maximum allowed concentration (0.1 μg/l) according to the EU Drinking Water Directive (and the Danish drinking water standard) was 19% for 2002–2019 and 11% for 2015–2019. However, in 2015–2019, the proportion of the Danish households exposed to pesticides (0.03–4.00 μg/l) was 41%. We estimate that 56% of all Danish households were potentially exposed at least once to pesticides in drinking water at concentrations of 0.03–4.00 μg/l between 20.

Pesticides were found at least once in the treated drinking water at 29% of all sampled public waterworks for the period 2002–2019 and at 21% of the waterworks for the recent period 2015–2019. Of all these chemical analyses, 0.5% ( n = 4925) contained a quantified pesticide (>0.03 μg/l). The cleaned dataset represents 3004 public waterworks distributed throughout the country and includes 39 798 samples of treated drinking water analysed for 449 pesticides (971 723 analyses total) for the period 2002–2019. ‘Pesticides’ here refers also to their metabolites, degradation and reaction products. Based on these data, in this study we (1) provide a status of pesticide content in drinking water supplied by public waterworks in Denmark and (2) assess the proportion of Danish households exposed to pesticides from drinking water. Both the raw groundwater and the treated drinking water are regularly monitored, and the chemical analyses are reported to a publicly available national database (Jupiter). Danish drinking water comes entirely from groundwater.

Pesticide pollution has raised public concern in Denmark due to potential negative health impacts and frequent findings of new substances after a recent expansion of the groundwater monitoring programme. National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmarkĭenmark, drinking water, exposure, pesticides, public waterworks Abstract Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Aarhus, Denmark and Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Environment, Work and Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Aarhus, Denmark

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